GNU gprof

The GNU Profiler

• Introduction to Profiling
• Compiling a Program for Profiling
• Executing the Program
• gprof Command Summary
  • Output Options
  • Analysis Options
  • Miscellaneous Options
  • Deprecated Options
  • Symspecs
• Interpreting gprof's Output
  • The Flat Profile
  • The Call Graph
    • The Primary Line
    • Lines for a Function's Callers
    • Lines for a Function's Subroutines
    • How Mutually Recursive Functions Are Described
  • Line-by-line Profiling
  • The Annotated Source Listing
• Inaccuracy of gprof Output
  • Statistical Sampling Error
  • Estimating children Times
• Answers to Common Questions
• Incompatibilities with Unix gprof
• Details of Profiling
  • Implementation of Profiling
  • Profiling Data File Format
    • Histogram Records
    • Call-Graph Records
    • Basic-Block Execution Count Records
  • gprof's Internal Operation
    • Debugging gprof

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