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John Barleycorn
John Barleycorn
[
Roud 164
; Ballad Index ShH84
; trad.]
This old ballad of the death and resurrection of the Corn God was recorded in many versions by lots of musicians:
A.L. Lloyd sang this accompanied by Alf Edwards on English concertina on English Drinking Songs. This recording was also included in the CD Classic A.L. Lloyd. Lloyd commented in the latter album's sleeve notes:
The song is related to the ancient idea of the Corn King. Perhaps too neatly so, hence the suspicion that it may not be a genuine piece of primitive folklore. It is old (it was already in print c.1635) and has been passed on by generations of country singers. The tune is a variant of Dives and Lazarus.
Mike Waterson sang John Barleycorn on the Watersons' 1965 LP Frost and Fire. His first three verses are quite similar to Lloyd's, the first half of the fourth differs more and his fifth verse is completely different from Lloyd's fifth and sixth verse. Mike Waterson's recording was also published on the Topic Sampler No. 6, A Collection of Ballads & Broadsides and in 2004 on the Watersons' 4CD anthology Mighty River of Song.
A.L. Lloyd commented in original recording's sleeve notes:
Sometimes called The Passion of the Corn. It's such an unusually coherent figuration of the old myth of the Corn-king cut down and rising again, that the sceptical incline to think it may be an invention or refurbishing carried out by some educated antiquarian. If so, he did his work long ago and successfully, for the ballad was already in print in the early years of the seventeenth century, and it has been widespread among folk singers in many parts of the English and Scottish countryside. Cecil Sharp obtained this version from Shepherd Haden of Bampton, Oxfordshire.
Martin Carthy sang John Barleycorn in 1966 on Songs from ABC Television's “Hallelujah” and, accompanied by Dave Swarbrick, on their 1967 LP Byker Hill. This version is quite similar to Mike Waterson's, see the lyrics below. It was reissued on the compilation album This Is... Martin Carthy. Another version is on his 1974 album Sweet Wivelsfield. A live recording from Memphis Folk Club, Leeds dating from 1973 can be found on The Carthy Chronicles. He also sang it live in studio in July 2006 for the DVD Guitar Maestros.
Martin Carthy commented in the Byker Hill sleeve notes:
A.L. Lloyd in The Penguin Book of English Folk Songs points out that if John Barleycorn is a folklore survival of the ancient myth of the death and resurrection of the Corn God, it is remarkable if only for its coherence, but, he says, it could be the work of some more recent writer which was somehow absorbed into the tradition. It is certainly powerful enough to be the former but also quaint enough (not to use the word in its pejorative sense) to be the latter. It might be interesting to speculate further of the three men coming from the West (sunset—the place of death?) bringing with them the promise of live (for no matter what they do they succeed only in giving John Barleycorn new life) and the Three Wise Men coming from the East (sunrise—the place of life?) to see Jesus, bringing as gifts the promise of death. It is found all over the British Isles; this version was taken down in Bampton, Oxfordshire, by Cecil Sharp.
and in the Carthy Chronicles sleeve notes:
Forget the academic stuff about death and rebirth, fertility symbols and corn gods! The reason that this is one of the best known and most popular of all ballads—and one which has crossed a great many musical thresholds—is that it's actually about that other activity which most commonly accompanies the singing of traditional songs—drinking!
The Young Tradition sang John Barleycorn in 1968 on their last LP, Galleries. Heather Wood commented in the album sleeve notes:
From the Cecil Sharp collection. One of the many songs which we picked up by a process of osmosis.
Traffic recorded John Barleycorn as title track of their 1970 album John Barleycorn Must Die with verses nearly identical to Mike Waterson's. In fact, Steve Winwood learned the song from the Watersons.
Steeleye Span's version on their 1972 album Below the Salt is again similar in the beginning to the previous versions but differs in the last verse. They recorded John Barleycorn a second time in 2002 for their CD Present. A live recording from The Forum, London on September 2, 1995 was released on their double CD The Journey.
Steeleye Span's singer Maddy Prior recorded John Barleycorn in 2003 for her solo album Lionhearts; this track can also be found on the Maddy Prior anthology Collections: A Very Best of 1995 to 2005.
It is also on Danny Spooner's LP Canterbury Fair (Anthology AR 001, 1977).
There are several Fairport Convention live recordings of John Barleycorn; e.g. on Forever Young (Cropredy 1982), The Boot (Cropredy 1983), and The Cropredy Box (Cropredy 1997).
Coope, Boyes & Simpson sing John Barleycorn on Hindsight (No Masters NMCD 11, 1998).
The Lark Rise Band recorded John Barleycorn in 2008 for their album Lark Rise Revisited.
Jon Boden sang John Barleycorn as the April 13, 2011 entry of his project A Folk Song a Day.
Lyrics
| A.L. Lloyd sings John Barleycorn | Mike Waterson sings John Barleycorn |
|---|---|
|
There was three men come out of the west |
There were three men come out of the west |
|
They let him lie for a very long time |
They've let him lie for a very long time |
|
They hired men with the scythes so sharp |
They've hired men with the scythes so sharp |
|
They wheeled him all around the field |
They've wheeled him round and around the field |
|
I'll make a boy into a man, |
Here's little Sir John in the nut-brown bowl |
|
Oh barley wine is the choicest drink | |
| Martin Carthy sings John Barleycorn | Steeleye Span's version sing John Barleycorn |
|
Oh there were three men came out of the west |
[spoken]
There were three men They have laid him in three furrows deep, |
|
They let him lie for a very long time |
They let him lie for a very long time And they let him stand till the midsummer day,
|
|
They hired men with the scythes so sharp |
So they have hired men with the scythes so sharp, |
|
They rode him around and around the field |
And they have hired men with the crab tree sticks, |
|
Here's little Sir John in the nut-brown bowl |
And they have wheeled him here and they've wheeled him there, Well, they have worked their will on John Barleycorn |
Acknowledgements and Links
Lyrics transcribed by Garry Gillard and Reinhard Zierke
See also Pete Wood's article John Barleycorn revisited: Evolution and Folk Song at Musical Traditions.
